The 2-week crash course in statistics has certainly been eye-opening and quite stressful. It has not been unusual for me to review the day’s lecture till late at night. Everything was done at full speed ahead. For example, the ANOVA (>=3 mean test) part usually takes one whole semester, but in this course it was covered in a day. Every day is a different topic – you had to make sure you fully understood the day’s topic, for tomorrow is a different topic altogether.

The biggest problem is deciding which hypothesis testing approach to use in what situation. Even though the exam is open book, it definitely won’t be easy.

Another is that it’s quite easy to get lost in the long formulas. One wrong step, and you get the whole question wrong.

For example, the formula to work out the t value in hypothesis testing using regression looks like this:

One mistake on the scientific calculator or even Excel on the laptop, and you’ve had it.

One could use SPSS, but there’s no time to get well-versed enough with it. Plus, I think it’s good to know the fundamentals too, rather than simply keying the data.

Adding to the stress is that the statistics module contributes the most i.e. 45% to the whole course.

If we don’t pass the course, automatically the scholarship offer will be withdrawn. Of course, judging from past history, most people would pass, but nobody want to be added to the statistic of people who’ve failed.

The show will be in countdown type form, from the longest at two years to the shortest marriage at one day. Some examples are listed below but they will not be grouped according to subject in the show.

Serial Spouses – Just a girl who can’t say no

• Jennifer Lopez – married to Ojani Noa for 13 months (Feb 1997 – March 1998) and Cris Judd for 8 months (October 2001 – July 2002)
• Drew Barrymore – married to Jeremy Thomas for under 1 month (Mar-Apr 1994, after a 6-week courtship) and Tom Green for 5 months (July – December 2001) – she is now reportedly just engaged to her boyfriend, Strokes’ drummer Fabriozo Moretti – she’s on a roll for sure
• Shannen Doherty – married to Ashley Hamilton for 5 months (Sept 1993 – Feb 1994), Richard Salomon for 9 months (Feb – Nov 2002)

Danger Will Robinson! – Obvious warning signs ignored

• Nicholas Cage and Lisa Marie Presley – 3 months 15 days, [Warning sign - he’s far more interested in her father than her - we’re talking Greek tragedy here with some nice Freudian twists - also, she did some ring-tossing which never bodes well]
• Lisa Marie Presley and Michael Jackson – 20 months [Warning signs - too many to list here] May 1994 – January 1996
• Carmen Electra and Dennis Rodman – 5 months, November 1998 – March 1999 [Warning sign - Rodman claims he doesn’t even remember most of it because he got married while intoxicated in Las Vegas, sought an annulment 9 days later]
• Mike Tyson and Robin Givens – 1 year, February 1988 – February 1989 [Warning signs; spousal abuse, criminal history and lots lots more)
• Jim Carrey and Lauren Holly - 9 months, September 1996 - June 1997 [exhibited warning sign of seriously tumultuous breakups and make-ups before tying the knot]

More Warning Signs and Don’t Say A Word – Secret marriages

• Axl Rose and Erin Everly – 7 months [Warning signs - he filed for divorce 1 month into it, then changed his mind - she reported serious physical abuse - marriage annulled]
• Julia Roberts and Lyle Lovett – 21 months, June 1993 – March 1995 [Warning sign - they supposedly spent only 7 weeks together during their 1st 8 months of marriage and started sleeping apart even when in the same city]
• Charlie Sheen and Donna Peele – 4 months 24 days, September 1995 – February 1996 [Warning sign - he was in and out of rehab and arrested more than once for gun possession during their courtship. Not the kind of guy to bring home to momma. Also claimed to have found religion during the course of their union]
• Blink 182 drummer Travis Barker & Melissa Kennedy – recently divorced from his wife of 9 months (Sept 2001 – May 2002) [Warning sign - you can’t spend most of your time running around naked w/ your bandmates and not expect your wife to get mad]
• Alyssa Milano and Cinjun Tate – 10 months 19 days. Cinjun is lead singer for band Remy Zero, they divorced in October 1999 when he walked out on her [Warning sign – don’t marry a young rocker who hasn’t yet played the field!
• R. Kelly and Aaliyah – under 3 months, August 1994 (marriage was annulled in late 1994 when a court found out she lied about her age in order to get married – she was only 15)
• Janet Jackson and James DeBarge – 4 months, September 1984 – January 1985 (she was 18 and marriage was annulled – NOT SURE if this was a secret at the time) Janet has just come clean with her 18-month secret relationship with rap producer Jermaine Dupri, which followed a 9- year secret marriage to choreographer Rene Elizondo (the girl likes to keep secrets)

Blink and They’re Gone – The Shortest Celebrity Marriages Ever

• Robin Givens and Syetozar Marinkovic – 1 day, August 22, 1997 (they were separated the same day they got married!)
• Robert Evans and Catherine Oxenberg – 12 days (they got married only 4 days after meeting in July 1998, annulled)
• Darva Conger and Rick Rockwell – 3 weeks (they married on FOX’s TV show “Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire” in February 2000)
  Drew Barrymore and Jeremy Thomas – 29 days (also in Serial Spouses)

and going a little further back…

• Dennis Hopper and Michelle Philips – 8 days, in 1971
• Zsa Zsa Gabor and Felipe De Alba – 1 day, 1982

Beware of the InStyle curse

When certain celebs flaunt the details of their union in the glossy magazine they suddenly become unlucky in love. In fact, by the time the weddings issue hits the stands every year InStyle’s PR machine is already at work practicing heavy spin control to cover up the carnage. InStyle should be renamed “In Mediation” as divorce seems to be the price you pay for heavy publicity. Some recent examples:

• Courtney Thorne-Smith was on January 2001 cover with her marriage to Andrew Conrad, a scientist. They were separated by the time the issue hit the stands (7 months, June 2000-January 2001).
• Kelly Rutherford, formerly of Melrose fame, was separated similarly when she appeared Feb 2002 issue.
• Paula Abdul was the cover of InStyle weddings in 1999 when she married Brad Beckerman, a fashion designer of sorts – they lasted 17 months (she also was married to Emilio Estevez from 1992-94).
• Helen Hunt chatted about her fabulous marriage to Hank Azaria but it only lasted 11 months (July 1999 – June 2000).

source

sains-dan-teknologi-transcript.doc

From a Jamali Shadat fanatic.

(C) 1974

Foreword

This is a transcript to jamali Shadat and Hamid Gurkha’s classic comedy “Sains dan Teknologi”. It was originally written on the album sleeve as “Sain dan teknoloji”, and made available on vinyl, although in later years the cassette version was made available, although I have never seen a CD version.

I am of the opinion that this is the only transcript of the subject matter available anywhere.

Time: about 7 minutes

Words in italics or in quotes mean that I am not sure of the actual meaning or pronunciation.

There are more explanation in the footnotes.

bereges@gmail.com

Transcribing started May 2006, finally completed (almost 100% accurate) in April 2007, due to part-time nature of work.

You are welcome to distribute this, as long as you mention my email address.

KUCING

meeooow meooow meooow

ATAN

pegi sanalah kucing!

menyampahlah engkau ni, orang nak baca buku “lamanu”

meeooow

eh kucing kurap ni, pegilah engkau ‘ana

rohani binti ahmad

eh, “kepupularaan” binti ahmad silap baca ni

baca orang putih lah

one times two is two

two times two are four

three times two are six

six times two are twelve

twelve, eh, ‘plak macam melalut-lalut pulak

camana pulak melalut-lalut ni

ah, baca melayu lah

satu kali dua du…

dua kali du..

pot empat kali dua lapan

lapan kali dua namblaaas

ah ni

kati plak

namblas tahil satu kati

satu pikul seratus kati

empat puluh pikul satu koyan

empat puluh koyan tau apa

ATUK

[batuk]

ATAN

Hmm….[inaudible]

ATUK

Atan[1], Ataan[2]

ATAN

di mana adanya buku

ATAN buku dan burung-burung	ATUK Atan[3]
atuk takda belikan buku	Ataaan[4]
atuk dah mabuk
Agaknya ni tak belikan buku	Ataan[5]
Di mana adanya buku	Atan[6]
Buku dan burung-burung
Atuk tak belikan buku	Lo, puas la ku cari kok[7]
	Diundang kok “lengmeneee”
Em…	Ataann! Ataaan![8]

ATAN

Orang baca bukulah, tak senanglah!

Nak apa?

ATUK

Engkau marah atuk ye?

ATAN

Takda marah

Nak apa tok?

ATUK

Kok cakap keras keras sangat

ATAN

Nak apa?

ATUK

Hmm?

ATAN

Nak apa?

ATUK

ya atuk panggil, kong kok diam-diam saja

ATAN

“alamak inilah, pasa lah lecehlah”

ATUK

Walaaa, pintunya dah bukak ni?

ATAN

Dah buka, tak nampak tu?

Huh?

ATUK

Hmm…

ATAN

Tok?

ATUK

Ha?

ATAN

Dah ada “bijajan”?

ATUK

Takda cu

ATAN

Ainyo…[9]

ATUK

Kok…

ATAN

…

ATUK

kok hari hujan

ATAN

ujan pun boilo berpailo

ATUK

alah tak sempatlah…

ATAN

Tok?

ATUK

Ha

ATAN

Hari ni kan tok…

ATUK

Ha

ATAN

Atan belajar baru

hari ni dapat kelulusan

ATUK

oo…ii…pereksa yang…

ATAN	ATUK
aaa…pereksa yang minggu lepas …	Yang minggu lep… yang tahun lepas ye?
Tahun lepas	A’aa

ATAN

aa…pelajaran ..aa… ilmu alam, dapat sembilan

ATUK

Hah?

ATAN

Sembilan

ATUK

Sembilan?

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Bagus tu, bagus

ATAN

ah

ATAN	ATUK
bahasa melayu	Lagi?

ATAN

bahasa kebangsaan

ATUK

Ah

ATAN

dapat sembilan

ATUK

bagus tu, bagus

sembilan, banyak ye?

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Mm..hmm…

ATAN

Tawarikh

ATUK

Mmm…

ATAN

Dapat sembilan

ATUK

yellaaaguuus, semuanya sembilan ye?

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Mm’hmm…

ATAN

ilmu alam, sembilan campur

ATUK

‘Kok campur?

ATAN

Ah?

ATUK

kok dah sembilan, ada campur?

ATAN	ATUK
ada lebih istimewa dia plus, nine plus you know?	Oooo

ATUK

Kononnya tu…

ATAN

[laughs]

ATUK

kononnya tu, yang, yang takda… paling pas la ya?

ATAN

Ah, paling pas

ATUK

yang tinggi punya pas lah

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

A’a…

ATAN

tok, tapi ada matapelajaran yang tak lulus

ATUK

apa cu?

ATAN

cikgu marah

ATUK

yelah apa dia

ATAN

cikgu suruh beli buku suruh belajar kat rumah

ATUK

ya buku apa yang nak dibeli tu

ATAN

atuk belikan tok

ATUK

ya, kalau engkau cakap aku belikan

ATAN

betul

ATUK

a’aa

ATAN

sumpah

ATUK

ah

ATAN

tul?

ATUK

Sumpah

ATAN

cikgu suruh beli buku hisab

ATUK

hah? buku hisap?

ATAN

ah

ATUK

kurang ajar punya cucu

ATAN

ah, buku hisap tok, nak belajar hisap

ATUK

engkau nak belajar isap

ATAN

ah

ATUK

eh Atan

ATAN

ah?

ATUK

Engkau cuba ingat sikit

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Engkau tengok rupa atuk engkau ni

ATAN

Kenapa?

ATUK

ini pasal isap lah jadi macam ini, haa

tau?

ATAN

Hisab

ATUK

Haa

ATAN

matapelajaran yang paling penting

ATUK

Daripada muda sampai tua

ATAN

Haa

ATUK

Inilah jadinya, “hompong di hompong di nampak”, dah jadi kempot, ini ngisap lah punya pasal

ATAN

Atuk hisap apa?

ATUK

Ha?

ATAN

Hisap apa?

ATUK

ya aku hisap cerut

ATAN

ini bukan isap cerut!

ATUK

Haa

ATAN

Ini ilmu hisab, pelajaran hisab, ilmu hisab

kira-kira lah bodoh

ATUK

Ooooooo, engkau tadi tak mau bilang kata kira kira

ATAN

inilah agaknya ni

ATUK

ye ngisap isap, ye mana tau, dulu mana ada perkataan hisab ni

ATAN

agaknya, inilah yang dinamakan pekak kerbau ni

ATUK

waduh, nampaknya cucu aku ni sudah kurang ajar ni

ATAN

lagi tok

ATUK

ha

ATAN

lagi pelajaran yang satu lagi

ATUK

ha

ATAN

yang paling penting

ATUK

apa dia

ATAN

untuk alam sekitar

ATUK

apa dia

ATAN

sain dan teknologi

ATUK

apa dia Tan?

ATAN

Sain dan teknologi

ATUK	ATAN
Ye kok susah, ya nak buat apa susah-susah	ah

ATAN

ah

ATUK

itu kelapa loji dekat belakang tu banyak

kok kelapa loji yang nak dibuat sain buat apa? pensel kan ada??

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Ah

ATAN

Ya lah, buku sain dan teknologi tok

Cuba atuk cakap

ATUK

Apa dia

ATAN

Sain, dan teknologi

ATUK

Sain

ATAN

Dan teknologi

ATUK

Sain

ATAN

Dan

ATUK

Dan

ATAN

Teknologi

ATUK

eh, tak usah cepat-cepatlah, kalau nak ajar datuk

ATAN

aa ikut

ATUK

aah

ATAN

sain

ATUK

sain

ATAN

dan

ATUK

dan

ATAN

teknolooogiii

ATUK

dah kok pelan sangat

ATAN

cakaplah

ATUK

sain

ATAN

tok, pakcik rahman panggil, pakcik rahman

ATUK

aahh…panggil dia lah

ATAN

pakcik rahman!

RAHMAN

Ya, ya

ATAN

tengoklah atuk ni bodoh

RAHMAN

apasal pakcik

ATUK	RAHMAN
takda ni, Rahman, ah eh	“apa yang boleh ku tau; Apa kena?”

ATUK

Tidak Rahman

RAHMAN

Ah

ATUK

ini cuba engkau tengok cucu aku ni

RAHMAN

apasal Tan

ATUK

ha

ATAN

Atan nak belajar sains dengan hisab

RAHMAN

oh itu pakcik

ATUK

ah

RAHMAN

aa… saya dengar kat daripada rumah tadi pakcik bertengkar berdua

ATUK

haa

RAHMAN

yang sebenonya hisab tu matapelajaran

dan sains dan teknologi tu pun matapelajaran juga

ATUK

ooo matapelajaran

RAHMAN	ATUK
aahh…jadi bahasa-bahasa ini pelajaran inilah yang ditentukan untuk mata-matapelajaran yang menentukan kemenangan dan kejayaan dalam peperiksaan	Ah…ohooo

ATUK	ATAN
ye, patut ye cucu aku sibuk	Aah…itulah tok haa…
Tapi masa aku dulu kok tak ada semuani	[unintelligible]

ATAN

Ah

ATUK

Ha

ATAN

Mesti belajar

ATUK	ATAN
Ahh… belajarlah	“kita mulakan”
Ahh.. kita mulakan	Agree
Agree	agree

ATUK

Tapi semua dah dapat sembilan ya?

ATAN

Haa… sembilan

[1] Soft to startwith, progressively gets louder.

[2] Up-down-up tone. Said in the same way as Bob Crane’s character asked incredulously: “Klutch?” in the Disney movie Superdad (1973).

[3] Louder than before

[4] Even louder than before.

[5] Slightly louder than before

[6] Slightly louder than before

[7] Hamid Gurkha says all his lines in an Indonesian/Javanese Malay accent

[8] Loudest!

[9] Disappointed tone, falsetto at end

To me, the true mark of an event’s popularity is how fast the tickets sell out. If I can still come in at the last minute and still can get tickets (not from the touts of course), that would be considered a “roaring success”. An example would be the World Cup final tickets. No way would I be able to get in at the last minute. In fact, it would’ve sold out months, if not years before the event actually takes place.

To me, the big issue is more basic – no other sporting event in Malaysia costs so much to watch first-hand.

Azmi said that more Malaysians should show their support and quickly buy their tickets for the event. He added that the grandstand and covered seats are the most popular among fans and they are selling like hot cakes.

Of course tickets start from only RM50, but who wants to sit so far away in the blistering heat at the hillstands? Or perhaps even worse, rain? You can go for the covered hillstand, which costs 3 times more. If you bring members of your family, habis lah 1 bulan gaji. I don’t want to even mention to prices for the Grandstand and the other covered seats.

source

Every time the organisers will select a different theme, this year it’s “Fantasy”: in previous years “Ice” and “Spring”.

As for glamour, it’s second to none. For starters, check out the guest list:

• The King and Queen
• The Prime Minister
  
• The Tourism Minister
• F1 principals including Williams CEO Adam Parr, Ferrari CEO Jean Todt and wife Michelle Yeoh
• F1 drivers Felipe Massa & Kimi Raikkonen & Toro Rosso drivers
• a couple of Bollywood stars & Priyanka Chopra (former Miss World) might come
• Siti Nurhaliza
• Sheila Majid
• Ruth Sahanaya (Indon songbird)

As for the entertainment, it would start off 1 hour after the dinner starts with world-famous illusionist Peter May who’s rumoured to make an F1 car appear onstage.

At some point, Siti Nurhaliza and Ruth Sahanaya will perform, accompanied by saxophone virtuoso Greg Lyons.

At close to 11pm, for the first time in Malaysia, multiple Grammy and American Award winner Earth, Wind & Fire will start their performance.

At 12.45am, discreetly after the guests of honour go home, the disco would be started off by DJ Chinois, who’d also be spinning before the concert.

According to the program, everything stops at 2am, and by that time, the F1 drivers really ought to go to sleep, to get ready for another new, rip-roaring day. Come to think of it, they’d see this kind of reception at every F1 venue, year after year. Must’ve grown sick of them by this time?

There are expected to be 600+ guests, hence there’d be about 60 tables around.

Well, how much does one have to pay to earn the right to rub shoulders with high society and all that world-class entertainment, and perhaps world-class “opulent” (=too much) food? The *cheapest* is RM35,000 per table, meaning RM3,500 per person. For the most expensive, one has to pay RM10,000 per person.

Of course it’s all for a good cause -all proceeds from table sales will be donated to Yayasan Tuanku Nur Zahirah.

Want to go? Too late, all tickets have sold out.

But no worries, for the rest of us, there’s the F1 Party at Zouk KL on the same night.

Sources

• malaysiangp.com.my
• thestar

1. MEETING (mesyuarat)
perjumpaan/pertemuan oleh sesuatu badan/persatuan/kumpulan yang terdekat dengan tujuan menyelesaikan beberapa masalah melalui proses perbincangan, dua jenis mesyuarat iaitu:

• taklimat (satu hala sahaja); dan
• mesyuarat jawatankuasa (dua hala) untuk menyelesaikan masalah, mesti ada agenda yang disusun dan perbincangan diadakan secara tersusun dan bertatacara serta dipengerusikan oleh seorang pengerusi mesyuarat, ahli mesyuarat dilantik dan boleh bersuara/memberi pendapat, kehadiran tidak bebas iaitu harus dijemput sama ada sebagai ahli mesyuarat ataupun pemerhati (pemerhati ataupun wakil tidak boleh secara bebas memberi pandangan ataupun memberi cadangan sebab mesti mendapat persetujuan ketua jabatan sebelum dibenarkan membuat sesuatu keputusan yang melibatkan jabatannya)

2. COLOQIUM (kolokium) – satu perjumpaan/persidangan dalaman iaitu di kalangan anggota sesuatu jabatan/pusat yang bersifat akademik/ilmiah dan tidak formal, perbincangan tentang sesuatu tajuk yang bersifat falsafah/konsep/prinsip yang dibentangkan oleh seseorang ahli (biasanya tiada pengerusi), tidak perlu satu keputusan dicapai/tiada resolusi dicapai, boleh juga dibuat kolokium yang lebih luas tetapi kehadiran atas jemputan, tetapi kolokium dalaman boleh bersifat bebas kehadirannya, biasanya dibuat pada luar waktu pejabat yang berlangsung selama satu atau dua jam.

3. SYMPOSIUM (simposium) – pertemuan antara para cendekiawan yang membincangkan sesuatu tajuk (mungkin berdasarkan sesuatu tema) yang dibentangkan oleh lebih daripada seorang pembentang, kehadiran tidak terbuka tetapi berdasarkan jemputan, ada resolusi/keputusan yang dicapai.

4. FORUM – perjumpaan untuk membincangkan satu perkara/tema yang menjadi kepentingan awam secara terbuka, panel terdiri daripada seorang pengerusi dan beberapa ahli forum (pemforum) dipilih dan dilantik, diberitahu kepada panel apakah yang akan ditanya dan panel membuat persediaan, perbincangan berbentuk terkawal dan pada akhir majlis akan dibuka kepada para hadirin/audiens untuk mengemukakan soalan, tiada resolusi dicapai.

5. SEMINAR – satu perjumpaan yang besar yang membincangkan satu tema yang dipecahkan kepada beberapa subtajuk yang ditangani oleh beberapa orang yang sama ada dijemput untuk membentangkannya ataupun atas permintaan pembentang, dalam beberapa sesi selari (parallel sessions) yang mungkin memakan masa antara satu hingga lima hari, ada pengerusi ataupun pengacara majlis, ada ucaptama (ucapan utama), ada pelapor yang mencatat apa yang tidak tercatat di dalam kertas kerja yang sedang dibincangkan secara ringkas, pada akhir sesi dibuka untuk soalan, akhirnya ada satu sesi planery/sidang pleno untuk membuat rumusan/keputusan, kehadiran atas jemputan/permintaan audiens.

6. CONFERENCE (konferens) – lebih besar daripada seminar (kadang kala boleh terdiri daripada ratusan/ribuan peserta), pertemuan secara formal untuk bincang/bertukar-tukar pendapat dan maklumat di kalangan pihak-pihak yang mempunyai minat dan kepentingan bersama (muktamar/persidangan).

7. CONVENTION (konvensyen) – perjumpaan yang paling besar (biasanya dalam dunia korporat), ada kalanya mencecah beribu-ribu orang, akan membincangkan sesuatu perkara, yang membincangkan isu kepentingan bersama, contoh konvensyen UMNO, konvensyen Yamaha dll.

Jika hari ini adalah hari Jumaat,

kelmarin dahulu = day before yesterday = Rabu

kelmarin = yesterday = Khamis

semalam = last night. Ertinya, “semalam” bukan bermaksud “yesterday”, seperti yang disangka oleh ramai orang.

hari ini = today = Jumaat

esok = tomorrow = Sabtu

lusa = day after tomorrow = Ahad

tulat = two days after tomorrow = Isnin

tonggeng = tubin = three days after tomorrow = Selasa

Comprehension – kefahaman maksud yang tersurat

Understanding – pengertian maksud yang tersirat

Do not explain something using examples. Examples should only be give in support of the explanation.

Do not gesture with your hands when explaining, otherwise the explanation will come out of your body language instead of your brain.

Visi – nampak (mata) – peringkat falsafah

Misi – perlakuan – what to do / strategy

ialah – mesti diikuti dengan nombor atau kata nama. Kadangkala tidak perlu digunakan langsung.

Contoh:

• Saya isteri Dr Razak. (betul)
• Saya ialah isteri Dr Razak. (betul)

adalah – mesti diikuti oleh sebuah kata sifat atau sebagai penghubung.

Contoh:

• Hadiah ini adalah untuk tetamu. (betul)
• Saya adalah gemuk. (betul)
• Saya ialah gemuk. (salah)

Tidak boleh memulakan ayat dengan “adalah”. Contoh: Adalah saya dengan hormatnya merujuk kepada perkara di atas. (salah)

Gunapakai – X

Tadbirurus – ok

Kuat kuasa – ok

Kuatkuasa – X

Menguatkuasakan – ok

Penguat kuasa – ok

antidadah – ok

anti-Mahathir – ok

se-Malaysia – ok

senggara = selenggara

perlantikan – X

pelantikan – ok

Yang Dipertua – ok

Yang di-Pertuan Agong – ok

berbahaya – ok

merbahaya – X

petender – ok

penender – X

mencintai – ok

menyintai – X

oleh kerana – X

oleh sebab – ok

15 Jalan Mat Salleh – ok

15, Jalan Mat Salleh – X

When listing options, the following is correct:

a. xxxxxxxxx

b. xxxxxxxxx

c. xxxxxxxxx

When listing options, the following is incorrect:
(a) xxxxxxxxx

(b) xxxxxxxxx

(c) xxxxxxxxx

Lampiran 1 – X, because we want to differentiate from the page number format, which uses the same Arabic number

Lampiran I – ok

Lampiran A – ok

Lampiran A1 – ok

Lampiran IA – ok

( ) parentheses/kurungan [bulat] (parentesis) – NOT “brackets”!

[ ] bracket/kurungan siku – NOT “square brackets”!

{ } braces/curly bracket/kurungan dakap

([ ]) dibenarkan dalam penulisan (((([ ]))))

contoh:
Kita daripada pelbagai kaum di Malaysia (Cina, Melayu, India, suku kaum di Sabah (Kadazandusun, Bajau, Murut, dll.) dan suku kaum di Sarawak (Dayak [Iban, Bidayuh], Melanau, dll.)) haruslah hidup dalam suasana aman.

[( )] tidak dibenarkan dalam penulisan kreatif dan ilmiah (tetapi dibenarkan dalam penulisan bidang kimia/fizik/matematik/statistik/sains)

! tanda seru – diletakkan pada akhir ayat seru, bukannya selepas kata seru

, koma – diletakkan selepas kata seru dalam ayat seru

contoh ayat yang betul: Wah, cantiknya baju Aminah!
contoh ayat yang salah: Wah! Cantiknya baju Aminah.

, koma – diletakkan dalam pengikat kata bagi ayat cakap ajuk/dialog untuk menutup ayat sebelum diletakkan penutup pengikat kata. “Ahmad, tolong ambilkan saya beg itu,” kata Ali.

Ia digunakan sebelum perkataan “dan” apabila ada tiga atau lebih perkara/keluarga yang sama (berpandukan American Psychological Association Publication Manual)

; (semicolon) digunakan untuk memisahkan dua kumpulan barang/perkara yang berbeza.

Contoh:
Saya pergi ke pasar membeli ikan tenggiri, cencaru, kembung, dan pari.
Saya pergi ke pasar membeli ikan tenggiri, cencaru, kembung; dan tiga helai baju.
Saya membeli daging ayam, lembu, dan kambing.

Bandingkan dengan ayat:

Saya membeli daging ayam, lembu; dan kambing.
Saya nampak burung nuri, cak, tiung, dan hantu di atas pokok. (semuanya jenis burung)
Saya nampak burung nuri, cak, tiung; dan hantu di atas pokok. (tiga jenis burung dan HANTU)

“ ” dua pengikat kata, digunakan untuk menulis dialog, memetik quotation secara verbatim (diindentasi di kiri dan di kanan, dipisahkan dengan satu baris [single spacing] sahaja, biasanya font yang lebih kecil digunakan).

‘ ’ satu pengikat kata, digunakan untuk memetik istilah, citation, frasa ataupun klausa (duduknya di dalam perenggan apabila dipetik terus di dalam penulisan kita), ataupun petikan ini duduknya di dalam satu petikan quotation lain.

: colon/titik bertindih jika yang mengikutinya ialah ayat yang lengkap ataupun nama khas gunakan huruf besar bagi permulaan ayat itu, tetapi bagi frasa ataupun klausa, gunakan huruf kecil sahaja.

Contoh:

Pilih kumpulan yang mengandungi alat tulis:
buku, pen, dan pensel,
gunting, kapur, dan pembaris,
pen, pemadam, dan kertas, dan
krayon, kertas A4, dan pisau.

:- tidak wujud tetapi selalu digunakan oleh penjawat jawatan awam di Malaysia!

… (elipsis) tiga titik sahaja dibenarkan, bermaksud menggantikan sebahagian daripada satu ayat yang ditinggalkan/tidak mahu dipetik keseluruhannya, penggunaannya terhad pada bahagian ayat yang tidak hendak dilengkapkan, dalam penulisan ilmiah ia tidak boleh diletakkan pada permulaan ayat kecuali setelah ditulis beberapa perkataan/frasa/klausa sebagai permulaan.

Contoh:
“… secara berleluasa.” (salah)
“Penebangan pokok … secara berleluasa.” (betul)

(boleh juga diletakkan empat titik yang melambangkan nokhtah dan elipsis yang memberi makna bahawa ada lebih daripada satu ayat yang ditinggalkan)

“Pemuda-pemudi di kampung itu …. pelbagai bantuan diberikan untuk menggalakkan mereka berdikari.” (betul) – lebih daripada satu ayat ditinggalkan.

/ slash (palang) – pada umumnya ini membawa maksud atau tetapi dalam matematik ia bermaksud par (daripada) 7/10 bermaksud tujuh daripada 10.

Contoh penggunaan:
b/p (salah)
b.p. (betul)
u/p (salah)
u.p. (betul)
s/k (salah)
s.k. (betul)

dalam penulisan ekspositori nombor 1 – 9 mesti dieja tetapi nombor 10 ke atas ditulis nombor, tidak perlu memasukkan ejaan angka itu di dalam kurungan seperti 5 (lima)/ 2 (dua), ataupun lima (5), dua (2).

Di penghujung surat, apabila menulis cogan, maksimum boleh gunakan 2 cogan, cogan negara di atas dalam huruf besar dan 2 pengikat kata. Cogan jabatan diletakkan di bawahnya dalam huruf kecil dan 1 pengikat kata.

Contoh:
“BERKHIDMAT UNTUK NEGARA”

‘Kepuasan Pelanggan Keutamaan Kami’

Untuk menggunakan tanda bacaan yang betul, rujuk pada publication manual dari luar negara iaitu Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), Turabian, Chicago, Harvard dll. ataupun yang diterbitkan di Malaysia seperti
Gaya Dewan ataupun keluaran universiti tempatan.